Smoke and Solar Eclipses; FocusCube3 Prep; A Target for June

We've had our first smoke event of the year. It came on May 12, six days earlier than it did last year. Even so, I'm hopeful about this summer's imaging. (You can use the Fire and Smoke Map to get a feel for how much smoke there is around, and track your air quality.)

While the dense smoke was bad for visibility and health, it was also remindful of the recent solar eclipse. The dimming of light by the thick smoke layer above our heads reminded us of the sunlight shortly before and after totality. Was this a reasonable comparison?

I guessed the smoke-filtered light resembled sunlight about 20 minutes before (and after) totality. The fraction of illumination 20 minutes before totality is given by this table from a 2009 paper by Können and Hinz:

Column c at 20 minutes before totality gives (with a little interpolation) sun brightness of about 27.5%. We have to use column c instead of the geometric obscuration (column b) because of the sun's limb darkening.

My wife was tracking the eclipse a little differently and she estimated that the smoky sunlight corresponded to when the sun was about 2/3 geometrically obscured. The obscuration column says that 67% obscuration takes place about 22 minutes before totality with a brightness level of about 30%. Both our estimates agree very well (22 vs 20 minutes, 30% vs 27.5%). 

Some years ago -- the early 'aughts, I think -- I was at a dark sky site trying to work my Binocular Messier list and there was heavy smoke overhead. I estimated the extinction it caused at about 1.5 magnitudes. A magnitude reduction of 1.5 means brightness is reduced to of 2.512 ^ (-1.5), or 25% of normal. While it's impossible to know how much smoke there was then compared to what there was earlier this month, it's at least close.

So the next time you have a serious air quality situation or a lot of smoke aloft, maybe take a look at what it's doing to the sunlight. You may find yourself pleasantly reminded of the last total eclipse you attended.

(It's worth mentioning that there's one big difference in how the moon and smoke reduce the the sun's brightness: color. Smoke scatters blue light leaving what penetrates to the surface looking redder, while the moon's effect on color is quite small. How much this plays into one's perception of the dimming is an open question!)

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One nice feature of NINA is its ability to use filter offsets. Offsets let you change from filter to filter without requiring time-consuming manual or automated refocusing; only occasional refocusing using a reference filter is needed. This can potentially save enough time for collecting more data.

Given that I have just replaced my FocusCube2 for version 3 I though it time to update my offsets. This process basically works in a few steps:

1. Obtain good focus manually 
2. Move the focuser until you see a significant increase in star diameters, perhaps 25 to 50%. The distance focus moved will be the autofocus step size
3. Return to the best focus setting 
4. Start the offset determination process using the Darks Customs plug-in.

Before beginning I noticed that my focuser travel (a tiny 30mm) corresponds to about 8000 FC3 movement steps. This is the same as it was for my FC2, so I made a guess the autofocus step size will be the same, too. That let me skip the above steps 2 and 3. The filter offset calculator worked perfectly, and gave me the new offsets: L = 0, R = 11, G = -6, and B = -4. The old offsets were L = 0, R = 7, G = -6, and B = -1. The changes are insignificant compared to the autofocus step; Even the filter order that minimizes backlash is the same.

Incidentally, the focuser performed perfectly during the offset calculations -- every run produced a perfect 1.0 hyperbolic fit. Nice work, Pegasus!

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My first imaging camping strip is scheduled for June, and I've selected the target. If somehow it manages to be clear I'll be imaging VdB 152 ( bright blue reflection nebula), LBN 538 (a colorful emission nebula) and possibly LBN 528 (the faint, dusty "tail" of the reflection nebula). All three are in Cepheus and fit nicely into my FSQ's field of view.